ocr: have been made since the middle of the 19th century. During several years in the 1960s, however, a concerted program of investigation yielded much new information about this early American urban center. In the Old World the first civilizations were associated with the first cities, but both in Middle America and in Peru the rise of civilization does not seem to have occurred in an urban setting. As far as we can tell today, the foundation for the earliest civilization in Middle America was laid in the first millennium B.C. by a people we know as the Olmecs. None of the major Olmec centers disc ...